Lilienfeld also filed identical patents in the United States in 19. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld filed a patent for a field-effect transistor (FET) in Canada in 1925, which was intended to be a solid-state replacement for the triode. In 1909, physicist William Eccles discovered the crystal diode oscillator. The triode, however, was a fragile device that consumed a substantial amount of power. The thermionic triode, a vacuum tube invented in 1907, enabled amplified radio technology and long-distance telephony. Julius Edgar Lilienfeld proposed the concept of a field-effect transistor in 1925. Many types of transistors are made to standardized specifications by multiple manufacturers. Certain vacuum tubes have advantages over transistors at very high operating frequencies or high operating voltages. Compared with the vacuum tube, transistors are generally smaller and require less power to operate. A transistor may have only one kind of charge carrier, in a field-effect transistor, or may have two kinds of charge carriers in bipolar junction transistor devices. Most transistors are made from very pure silicon, and some from germanium, but certain other semiconductor materials are sometimes used. Transistors revolutionized the field of electronics, and paved the way for smaller and cheaper radios, calculators, and computers, among other things. The most widely used type of transistor is the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), which was invented by Mohamed Atalla and Dawon Kahng at Bell Labs in 1959. The three shared the 1956 Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement. The first working device to be built was a point-contact transistor invented in 1947 by physicists John Bardeen and Walter Brattain while working under William Shockley at Bell Labs. Physicist Julius Edgar Lilienfeld proposed the concept of a field-effect transistor in 1926, but it was not possible to actually construct a working device at that time. Some transistors are packaged individually, but many more in miniature form are found embedded in integrated circuits. Because the controlled (output) power can be higher than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals controls the current through another pair of terminals. It is composed of semiconductor material, usually with at least three terminals for connection to an electronic circuit. The transistor is one of the basic building blocks of modern electronics. The gate is separated from the body by an insulating layer (pink).Ī transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify or switch electrical signals and power.

Metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), showing gate (G), body (B), source (S) and drain (D) terminals.

Jenis transistor untuk switching